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Signs and Symptoms of High Estrogen
Causes
Symptoms in women
Symptoms in men
Diagnosis
Treatment
Complications
Outlook
What is estrogen?
Your body’s hormones are like a seesaw. When they’re perfectly balanced, your body works as it should. But when they’re unbalanced, you may begin experiencing problems.
Estrogen is known as the “female” hormone. Testosterone is known as the “male” hormone. Although each hormone is identified with a specific sex, both are found in women and men. On average, women have higher levels of estrogen and men have more testosterone.
In women, estrogen helps initiate sexual development. Along with another female sex hormone known as progesterone, it also regulates a woman’s menstrual cycle and affects her entire reproductive system. In premenopausal women, estrogen and progesterone levels vary from one stage of the menstrual cycle to another.
In men, estrogen also plays an important role in sexual function.

Causes of high estrogen
High levels of estrogen can develop naturally, but too much estrogen can also result from taking certain medications. For example, estrogen replacement therapy, a popular treatment for symptoms of menopause, may cause estrogen to reach problematic levels.
Your body may also develop low testosterone or low progesterone levels, which can upset your hormonal balance. If you have estrogen levels that are abnormally high relative to your progesterone levels, it’s known as estrogen dominance.


Symptoms of high estrogen in women
When your body’s estrogen and testosterone levels aren’t balanced, you may begin developing certain symptoms. In women, potential symptoms include:
bloating
swelling and tenderness in your breasts
fibrocystic lumps in your breasts
decreased sex drive
irregular menstrual periods
increased symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
mood swings
headaches
anxiety and panic attacks
weight gain
hair loss
cold hands or feet
trouble sleeping
sleepiness or fatigue
memory problems


Symptoms of high estrogen in men
Although it’s called the female hormone, a man’s body also makes estrogen. A healthy balance of estrogen and testosterone is important for sexual growth and development. When these hormones become imbalanced, your sexual development and function may be affected.
Symptoms of high estrogen in men include:
Infertility. Estrogen is partly responsible for creating healthy sperm. When estrogen levels are high, sperm levels may fall and lead to fertility issues.
Gynecomastia. Estrogen may stimulate breast tissue growth. Men with too much estrogen may develop gynecomastia, a condition which leads to larger breasts.
Erectile dysfunction (ED). Men with high levels of estrogen may have difficulty getting or maintaining an erection.


Diagnosing high estrogen
If your doctor suspects that you might have high estrogen, they’ll likely order a blood test to check your hormone levels. A trained professional will collect a sample of your blood to be tested in a laboratory. The results will indicate if your estrogen levels are too low or too high. Blood estrogen levels are measured in pictograms per milliliter (pg/mL).
There are three types of estrogen: estradiol, estriol, and estrone. Estradiol is the primary female sex hormone. Estriol and estrone are minor female sex hormones. Estriol is nearly undetectable in women who aren’t pregnant.
Normal estrogen levels in women
According to Mayo Medical Laboratories, the following estrone and estradiol levels are considered normal for women:

Estrone
Estradiol
Prepubescent female
Undetectable–29 pg/mL
Undetectable–20 pg/ml
Pubescent female
10–200 pg/mL
Undetectable–350 pg/ml
Premenopausal adult female
17–200 pg/mL
15–350 pg/ml
Postmenopausal adult female
7–40 pg/mL
<10 pg/ml

In premenopausal girls and women, estradiol levels vary widely throughout the menstrual cycle.
Normal estrogen levels in men
According to Mayo Medical Laboratories, the following estrone and estradiol levels are considered normal for men:

Estrone
Estradiol
Prepubescent male
Undetectable–16 pg/ml
Undetectable–13 pg/ml
Pubescent male
Undetectable–60 pg/ml
Undetectable–40 pg/ml
Adult male
10–60 pg/ml
10–40 pg/ml




Treatment for high estrogen
To manage high estrogen or estrogen dominance, your doctor might prescribe medications, recommend surgery, or encourage you to adjust your diet.
Medication
If you develop high estrogen while undergoing hormone therapy, your doctor might change your hormone therapy plan. This might help your body achieve a healthier hormone balance.
If you have a type of cancer that’s sensitive to estrogen, high estrogen levels can make the cancer worse. Your doctor might prescribe medications to block cancer cells from binding to estrogen. For example, they might prescribe tamoxifen.
Alternatively, they might prescribe an aromatase inhibitor. This type of medication stops the enzyme aromatase from converting androgens into estrogen. This class of drug includes:
anastrozole (Arimidex)
exemestane (Aromasin)
letrozole (Femara)
In other cases, they might prescribe a medication that stops your ovaries from producing estrogen. For example, they might prescribe:
goserelin (Zoladex)
leuprolide (Lupron)
Surgery
If you have a type of cancer that’s sensitive to estrogen, your doctor might also recommend an oophorectomy. This is a type of surgery used to remove ovaries. Since ovaries produce most of the estrogen in women’s bodies, removing them lowers estrogen levels. This causes what is known as surgical menopause.
Your doctor might also recommend oophorectomy if you’re at very high risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer. You may be at very high risk if one or more of the following are true:
You have a strong family history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer.
You test positive for a specific mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene.
You test positive for a specific mutation in other genes associated with cancer risk.
According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), removing both ovaries appears to reduce the risk of breast cancer in very-high-risk patients by about 50 percent.
Your doctor can also use radiation therapy to make your ovaries inactive.
Diet
To help lower your estrogen levels, your doctor might recommend changes to your eating habits. For example, they might encourage you to eat a low-fat and high-fiber diet. They might also encourage you to lose excess weight.


Conditions related to high estrogen
High levels of estrogen can put you at a higher risk of some other conditions. For example, elevated estrogen levels are a risk factor for breast cancer and ovarian cancer. According to the American Cancer Society (ACS), estrogen dominance can also increase your risk of endometrial cancer.
High levels of estrogen may put you at higher risk of blood clots and stroke.
Estrogen dominance may also increase your chances of thyroid dysfunction. This can cause symptoms such as fatigue and weight changes.

Talk with your doctor
If you’re experiencing unusual symptoms, make an appointment to see your doctor. They can help you learn if these symptoms are caused by high estrogen. It’s important to treat high estrogen and any underlying cause. Treatment can help reduce your symptoms and your risk of complications.
Healthline Partner Solutions
Screen for Levels & Hormones Key to Women's Health
Women who want a clearer picture of their overall health should take this helpful at-home test. You can discuss these simple test results with a staff doctor for even more clarity.
 

 

Article resources
Aromatase inhibitors. (2016). 
breastcancer.org/treatment/hormonal/aromatase_inhibitors
Estrogen and hormones. (2014).
my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/16979-estrogen--hormones
Estrogens. (2018).
labtestsonline.org/tests/estrogens
The National Academy of Hypothyroidism. (2017). Estrogen dominance and hypothyroidism: Is it hypothyroidism or hormonal imbalance?
nahypothyroidism.org/estrogen-dominance-and-hypothyroidism-is-it-hypothyroidism-or-hormone-imbalance/
Ovarian shutdown or removal. (2016).
breastcancer.org/treatment/hormonal/ovary_removal
Surgery to reduce the risk of breast cancer. (2013).
cancer.gov/types/breast/risk-reducing-surgery-fact-sheet
Test ID: E1. Estrone, serum: Clinical and interpretive. (n.d.).
mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Overview/81418
Test ID: EEST. Estradiol, serum: Clinical and interpretive. (n.d.).
mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/8181




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