Several blood tests can indicate liver problems. Elevated levels of enzymes like ALT (alanine transaminase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) are common indicators of liver damage. Other tests, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), can also help assess liver health. Additionally, tests for proteins like albumin and globulin, as well as prothrombin time (PT) and international normalized ratio (INR), can provide insights into liver function.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
ALT and AST:
These are enzymes primarily found in the liver. Elevated levels in the blood can indicate liver damage, inflammation, or disease.
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP):
While present in other tissues, elevated ALP can signal issues with bile flow or liver damage.
Bilirubin:
This is a waste product produced by the breakdown of red blood cells. High bilirubin levels can indicate liver damage or bile duct obstruction.
GGT:
This enzyme is also found in the liver and biliary tract. Elevated levels can suggest liver or bile duct problems.
Total Protein and Albumin:
These are proteins made by the liver. Low levels can suggest liver disease, as can a low ratio of albumin to globulin.
Prothrombin Time (PT) and INR:
These tests assess the liver's ability to produce blood clotting factors, and prolonged PT or high INR can indicate liver damage.